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The land of the Pharaohs, of the Pyramids and the Sphinx. Egypt sits on over 100,000 square miles of oases and deserts, with the Mediterranean and the Red Sea as borders, the and the silvery green waters of the Nile spanning its length. Egypt can boast one of the greatest heritages from the ancient world and has an unparalleled wealth of archaeological and historical sites. It is enough to mention just a few: the Pyramids, the Sphinx, the temples of Luxor and Karnak, the Valleys of Kings and Queens and Abu Simbel. The capital of the ancient kingdom was Memphis, located quite close to Cairo. Near here we find the step pyramids of the early dynasties at Saqqara. The capital of the Middle Kingdom was Thebes, on the site of today Luxor, named after the splendor of the old capital full of palaces. The New Kingdom also sees Thebes as capital along with the greatest period of Egyptian splendor with rulers as Ramses II and queens like Nefertari. The era of Pharohos ended with the arrival of Alexander the Great who moved the capital to the newly founded city of Alexandria. Afterwards, empires came and went: first Rome, then Byzantium, then the Arabs who founded Cairo as the new capital, the Mamlukes and, finally the Ottoman Empire. When in 1798 Napoleon landed in Egypt, the country was put into contact with Europe and the rest of the world. The era of the Sultans started and lasted till 1936 when the British occupied Egypt and with the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty King Farouk was given the reins of power. In 1954 Nasser became the full leader of Egypt and entered Egypt fully in the modern world. Egypt is a land of climatic contrast with marked differences between the coastal Mediterranean climate and the hot dryness of the interior. In deserted areas there is also a great difference between day and night temperatures. It is sunny for most of the year and rain falls only in a few places and not more than 40 days a year at that. June, July and August are hot but with cooler evening due to the desert breezes that blow into the Nile Valley. Egypt is probably one of the oldest vacation spots. Early Greeks, Romans and others went there just for fun, and to see the wonders of some of mankind's earliest triumphs. But Egypt is much more than Pyramids and monuments. It is also Red Sea scuba diving, hot night spots, Luxurious hotels and five star restaurants. It is romantic cruises down the Nile on festive river boats, a night at the grand opera and it is a cultural experience like none you have ever experienced. Egypt is a land bustling with life, sound, visual beauty and excitement.

Area: 1,002,000 Sq Km

 

Population:

65 million (official estimate for 1999)

 

Religion:

Islam is the dominant religion. For Christianity the majority is from the Coptic Church.

 

Health:

Egypt is free from diseases that could be met within normal circumstances. Drinking water in Egypt is safe. But it is recommended to use mineral water wherever possible. Chemists, clinics and hospitals are open to tourists and the public every day in most areas.

 

Time: GMT + 2 hours 

 

Electricity:

220 VOLTS AC; 2 Pins plug. 
Suggested Clothing: Light weight cottons during summer with warmer clothes for winter and the cool evenings. Women should not wear revealing clothes in religious buildings.

 

Currency:

The Egyptian pound (£E) =100 piaster (p).
Banking Hours: Sunday -Thursday 8:30-2pm
Shopping Hours: 9:00 am till 12:00 pm in most places . Some shopes open from 9:00 am to 11:00 except sunday.

 

CLIMATE & WEATHER -:
Egypt does not receive much rainfall except in the winter months. South of Cairo, rainfall averages only around 2 to 5 mm (0.1 to 0.2 in) per year and at intervals of many years. On a very thin strip of the northern coast the rainfall can be as high as 410 mm (16.1 in), with most of the rainfall between October and March. Snow falls on Sinai's mountains and some of the north coastal cities such as Damietta, Baltim, Sidi Barrany, etc. and rarely in Alexandria, frost is also known in mid-Sinai and mid-Egypt.

 

Temperatures average between 80 °F (27 °C) and 90 °F (32 °C) in summer, and up to 109 °F (43 °C) on the Red Sea coast. Temperatures average between 55 °F (13 °C) and 70 °F (21 °C) in winter.